A stock market correction is a sudden drop in stock prices. A correction is typically defined as a major index's decline of at least 10%.  Some may use the term "crash" to describe a stock market correction, but this is typically reserved for a larger price decline, such as a bear market drop of more than 20%.

Many investors find stock market corrections to be confusing and stressful times. However, if you understand what is happening and why, stock market corrections can be an opportunity to invest at a lower price.

It is important to stay calm during volatile times and remember that stock prices will fluctuate over time. Corrections are a normal part of the stock market cycle. Having a plan for how you will react during market downturns can help you stick to your investment plan. 

What causes a stock market correction

Many factors can cause a stock market correction, but they typically result from investors selling stocks because they believe the prices are overvalued. This can create a self-fulfilling prophecy as other investors see the sell-off and decide to sell, pushing prices even lower.

Effects of a stock market correction

Corrections are relatively common. A correction is not always bad news - it can provide opportunities for investors to buy stocks at lower prices. However, before investing, it's essential to be aware of the potential risks. 

Corrections can signify that the market is overvalued and may be due for a more significant decline, leading to increased volatility, which can be difficult for investors to handle.

Investment strategies for corrections

Diversification is a great way to hedge against a market correction. This involves investing in various asset classes, such as stocks, bonds, and cash. This helps to protect against losses in any one particular investment.

Having an investment plan and being mindful of emotional reactions are also critical. If you have a long-term investment horizon, it's important to stick to your long-term plan and not make emotional decisions. 

Rebalancing is when investors sell assets that have increased in value and use the proceeds to buy assets that have lost value. This helps maintain a portfolio's original asset allocation and can be used to buy assets at lower prices.

Investing in index funds offers broad diversification and can be a good choice for investors looking for long-term growth.

Value stocks are typically undervalued by the market and offer the potential for high returns. Value stocks can be more volatile than other types of stocks, but they may offer the potential for higher returns over the long term.

Cash reserves can provide a buffer against losses and can be used to take advantage of lower prices when the market corrects.

Hedging can help stabilize a portfolio during volatility. Investors can use derivatives, such as options or futures contracts to protect against losses in their portfolios.

Dollar-cost averaging is a good long-term strategy because it allows investors to average into a position over time by dividing their investment into equal parts and investing the same amount at regular intervals to reduce the effects of market timing.